The durability and versatility of concrete make it a popular choice for countless construction projects. However, like any building material, concrete isn't immune to problems. From cracking and spalling to moisture issues and beyond, there are several common issues that homeowners may encounter with their concrete surfaces.

Join CC Concrete LLC as we explore the most common concrete issues while also providing guidance on preventing and repairing the problems.

Identifying Common Concrete Issues: Concrete Cracks

Cracking is perhaps the most common problem faced with concrete. These cracks can occur due to various reasons, including shrinkage during curing, settlement of the ground beneath the concrete, or excessive loading.

Identifying the type of crack is crucial for determining the appropriate course of action. Hairline cracks, for example, are typically superficial and may not require immediate attention, while wider cracks could indicate more significant structural issues.

The Concrete Crack Repair Process

For hairline cracks, surface sealing or filling with a concrete crack filler may suffice. However, professional repair techniques such as epoxy injection or pressure grouting may be necessary for wider or more significant cracks to restore structural integrity.

What Is Concrete Crack Filler?

Concrete crack filler is a specialized product designed to repair and seal cracks in concrete surfaces, including:

  • Driveways
  • Sidewalks
  • Floors
  • ...and more

Typically available in liquid form, crack fillers are formulated to penetrate concrete cracks, forming a durable and flexible seal that helps prevent water infiltration and further deterioration.

While concrete crack fillers vary in composition and application method, they generally consist of polymers, resins, and other additives that enhance adhesion and flexibility. When properly applied, crack fillers can effectively seal cracks of varying widths, providing a seamless and protective barrier against moisture, chemicals, and freeze-thaw cycles.

Does Crack Filler Last?

The longevity of crack filler largely depends on factors such as the type of filler used, the severity of the crack, and environmental conditions. High-quality crack fillers applied to properly prepared surfaces can provide effective and long-lasting repairs for smaller cracks, helping to prevent water infiltration and further deterioration. That said, it might not be a great long-term solution for more extensive concrete damage.

Spalling Concrete

You've seen concrete spalling before, even if you can't identify the issue by name. Spalling refers to the chipping or flaking of a concrete surface, often caused by freeze-thaw cycles, corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement, or poor installation techniques. These issues can lead to the deterioration of the concrete and compromise its structural integrity.

Spalling Repair: How It's Done

Repairing spalling concrete involves removing the damaged surface layer and applying a new layer of concrete or a specialized repair mortar. Proper surface preparation is essential to ensure adhesion and longevity of the repair.

Addressing Moisture Problems in Concrete

Excessive moisture in concrete can lead to a range of problems, including efflorescence (white, powdery deposits on the surface), mold growth, and even structural damage over time. Identifying sources of moisture infiltration and implementing proper drainage and sealing measures are essential for preventing moisture-related issues.

Addressing moisture issues in concrete may involve a combination of strategies, including:

  • Improving drainage
  • Applying waterproofing sealants
  • Applying new coatings
  • Installing vapor barriers
  • Installing drainage membranes
  • ...and more

Concrete Scaling

Scaling occurs when the surface layer of concrete deteriorates, resulting in the loss of surface mortar and the exposure of underlying aggregates. It often manifests as flaking or peeling of the concrete surface and can be caused by various factors, including:

  • Freeze-thaw cycles
  • Use of improper curing methods
  • Exposure to deicing salts or chemicals

How to Fix Concrete Scaling

To fix concrete scaling, all loose and flaking concrete must first be removed with a stiff brush or pressure washer. Then, a concrete bonding agent is applied to enhance adhesion, and the area is filled with a high-quality concrete repair mix suitable for exterior use. The new concrete must be kept moist to slow the curing process and minimize cracking. Finally, a concrete sealer is applied to protect the repair from moisture and prevent future scaling.

Discoloration in Concrete

Discoloration in concrete can manifest as variations in color across the surface that range from subtle shading differences to more pronounced stains or blotches. Depending on the type of stain, yours might only require you to spend money on pressure washing in the future or may require repairs.

The most common causes of discoloration include improper mixing of concrete ingredients, exposure to contaminants such as dirt or chemicals during installation, and insufficient curing or sealing.

To avoid discoloration, remain attentive during the installation process, ensuring your contractor is:

  • Using high-quality materials
  • Following proper mixing procedures
  • Ensuring adequate curing
  • Protecting the concrete surface during and after installation
  • ...and more

Surface Defects (e.g., Crazing)

You might not be familiar with the term "crazing"-but most concrete contractors are. Crazing refers to fine cracks or patterns on the surface of the concrete. Crazing is typically caused by shrinkage during curing or improper finishing techniques and may also be exacerbated by environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations and moisture exposure.

Repairing surface defects such as crazing may involve filling the cracks with specialized repair materials or coatings to restore the appearance and integrity of the concrete surface. Given that this is just a surface-layer issue, you'll rarely have to schedule an emergency concrete repair. That said, you should find time to address the issue once you notice it.

Preventing Concrete Problems

Many concrete issues stem from poor installation practices. Proper installation techniques are the first step toward preventing problems down the line. From proper site preparation to appropriate curing methods, attention to detail during the installation process is essential.

Rely on Strong Concrete Materials

Using high-quality materials, including concrete mixtures with the right proportions of cement, aggregates, and additives, can significantly impact the durability and performance of the finished product. The use of appropriate reinforcement materials, such as rebar or wire mesh, can also help prevent cracking and increase structural strength.

Learn More About Proper Concrete Care Today

A concrete floor or driveway is a big investment. It only makes sense that you'd want to protect it. By working with experienced concrete contractors who follow proper installation practices, maintenance programs, and repair practices, you can rest easy knowing your concrete structures are going to stand the test of time.

Call CC Concrete LLC at (720) 296-1382 now to learn about proper concrete care, our services, and more.